1. Most common “mechanical” causes:
2. Most common “metabolic” causes:
- Cardiac tamponade (including STEMI and myocardial rupture)
- Tension pneumothorax
- Massive PE
2. Most common “metabolic” causes:
- Severe hyperkalemia with or without metabolic acidosis
- Severe sodium-channel blocker toxicity (including TCA toxicity)
- STEMI with agonal rhythm and other agonal rhythms